快速城市化过程中的深圳东部海岸地貌环境与可持续发展     

郭伟  李书恒  朱大奎 《地理学报(英文版)》2011,21(2):372-384

The geomorphological environment is one of the most fundamental variables af-fecting the development of human society.The mission of geomorphological environment research is to explore the most basic environment and features of our Earth’s surface mor-phology.The results can be applied to resource evaluation,environmental protection and reducing and preventing geological disasters.Thus,it can serve to help achieve sustainable development.This paper examines the Shenzhen east coastal zone as a case strongly in-fluenced by urban expansion.We use modern geomorphological theory and methods,along with GIS and RS techniques,to reveal key characteristics of the geomorphological environ-ment and landform classification.Furthermore,coastal ecosystem evaluation and regional resources sustainable utilization should be considered relative to the corresponding geo-morphological environment.Based on this study,we conclude that modern geomorphological theory and methods,supported by "3S" techniques including GIS,RS and GPS,can play an important role in resolving the environment,resources and population problems as well as sustainable development challenges facing humankind at present.  相似文献   

Multifractal characteristics of gold grades series in the Dayingezhuang Deposit,Jiaodong Gold Province,China     

L. Wan  Y. Q. Zhu  X. C. Deng 《Earth Science Informatics》2015,8(4):843-851

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敏感性分析在烃源岩成熟度史模拟中的应用——以川东北地区普光5井古生界海相烃源岩为例          下载免费PDF全文

饶松  唐晓音  朱传庆  胡圣标  汪集旸 《地质科学》2011,46(1):213-225

通过分析输人模型的参数对输出结果的影响,可以确定影响烃源岩成熟度史模拟的敏感性参数.本文应用Easy% Ro化学动力学模型,以普光5井为例,对川东北地区各期构造运动剥蚀厚度、古地表温度和古地温梯度进行了相关的敏感性分析.分析结果表明:研究区下寒武统、下志留统、下二叠统和上二叠统烃源岩现今成熟度状态完全受控于燕山运动晚幕...  相似文献   

南秦岭略阳鱼洞子岩群磁铁石英岩形成时代的锆石U-Pb年代学约束   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王洪亮  徐学义  陈隽璐  闫臻  李婷  朱涛 《地质学报》2011,85(8):1284-1290

鱼洞子杂岩是秦岭造山带出露的重要太古宙基底,也是该地区最古老的复杂地质体.鱼洞子杂岩主要由变质地层(鱼洞子岩群)和规模不等的花岗质变质侵入体(花岗片麻岩)组成.各地质体间多以构造面理接触.鱼洞子岩群是重要的铁矿产出层位,铁矿及其赋矿围岩的形成时代一直没有可靠的依据.本次选择小沟山矿区磁铁石英岩分选出大量锆石.CL影像特...  相似文献   

Geochemistry of Palaeozoic marine petroleum from the Tarim Basin, NW China: Part 3. Thermal cracking of liquid hydrocarbons and gas washing as the major mechanisms for deep gas condensate accumulations   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Shuichang Zhang  Jin Su  Xiaomei Wang  Guangyou Zhu  Haijun YangKeyu Liu  Zhenxi Li 《Organic Geochemistry》2011,42(11):1394-1410

The Lunnan Lower Uplift in the Tarim Basin, NW China contains a composite petroleum system with mainly biodegraded heavy oil in the west, normal oil in the center and gas condensate in the east. Twenty-three gas samples and 37 oil samples taken from three major hydrocarbon bearing intervals in the Lunnan lower bulge were analyzed for their stable carbon isotopes and molecular biomarkers. On the basis of their isotopic compositions, biomarkers, especially diamondoids, and integrating the physical properties of the hydrocarbons including densities, GOR and PVT relationships, it has been concluded that the recently discovered deep (6500 m) eastern Lungu giant Ordovician gas condensate pool with an estimated reserve of 723 million bbl oil equivalent is a secondary hydrocarbon accumulation derived from the mixing of an early formed oil and a late formed gas. The extremely dry gases with a gas dryness of >0.98 were derived from thermal cracking of crude oils and charged to an existing oil reservoir causing extensive gas washing and secondary alteration. Compared with most of the hydrocarbons in the Lunnan area, the gas from the eastern Lungu gas condensate pool has a heavier carbon isotopic composition, higher dryness and a higher maturity level. The unique physical, chemical and isotopic compositions of the gas condensate are believed to be a direct result of gas flushing of an early formed eastern Lungu oil pool by a late formed dry gas from oil cracking. The eastern Lungu gas condensate pool is presently characterized by containing “dry gas, heavy oil, abundant aromatics and high wax”.  相似文献   

Numerical investigation of groundwater outbursts near faults in underground coal mines     

Li Lianchong  Yang Tianhong  Liang Zhengzhao  Zhu Wancheng  Tang Chunan 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2011,85(3-4):276-288

Permeable geologic faults in the coal seam can cause intermittent production problems or unexpected amounts of groundwater outburst from the underlying aquifers. With the acknowledgment of the basic mechanism for groundwater outbursts, the groundwater outburst along the fault zones in coal mines are numerically investigated using RFPA, a numerical code based on FEM. The fracture initiation, propagation, and coalescence in the stressed strata and the seepage field evolution in the stress field are represented visually during the whole process of groundwater outburst. The numerically obtained damage evolution shows that the floor strata could be classified as three zones, i.e. mining induced fracture zone, intact zone and fault reactivation zone, in which the intact zone is the key part for resisting groundwater outburst and directly determines the effective thickness of water-resisting rock layer. With understanding of the evolution of stress field and seepage flow in floor strata, the groundwater outburst pathway is calibrated and the transformation of floor rock mass from water-resisting strata to outburst pathway is clearly illuminated. Moreover, it is shown that geometrical configuration, including inclination angle of faults and seam drop along faults, have an important influence on groundwater outburst. Finally, based on geological, hydrogeology survey and numerical results, the mechanism analysis of groundwater outburst in an engineering case is studied, which can provide significantly meaningful guides for the investigation on mechanism and prevention of groundwater outburst induced by faults in practice.  相似文献   

The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province,China, and resulting geohazards   总被引：19，自引：5，他引：14  

Peng Cui  Xiao-Qing Chen  Ying-Yan Zhu  Feng-Huan Su  Fang-Qiang Wei  Yong-Shun Han  Hong-Jiang Liu  Jian-Qi Zhuang 《Natural Hazards》2011,56(1):19-36

On Monday, May 12, 2008, a devastating mega-earthquake of magnitude 8.0 struck the Wenchuan area, northwestern Sichuan Province, China. The focal mechanism of the earthquake was successive massive rock fracturing 15 km in depth at Yingxiu. Seismic analysis confirms that the major shock occurred on the Beichuan–Yingxiu Fault and that aftershocks rapidly extended in a straight northeast–southeast direction along the Longmenshan Fault zone. Fatalities approaching a total of 15,000 occurred, with a significant number resulting from four types of seismically triggered geohazards—rock avalanches and landslides, landslide-dammed lakes (“earthquake lakes”), and debris flows. China Geological Survey has identified 4,970 potentially risky sites, 1,701 landslides, 1,844 rock avalanches, 515 debris flows, and 1,093 unstable slopes. Rock avalanches and landslides caused many fatalities directly and disrupted the transportation system, extensively disrupting rescue efforts and thereby causing additional fatalities. Landslide-dammed lakes not only flooded human habitats in upstream areas but also posed threats to potentially inundated downstream areas with large populations. Debris flows become the most remarkable geohazards featured by increasing number, high frequency, and low triggering rainfall. Earthquake-triggered geohazards sequentially induced and transformed to additional hazards. For example, debris flows occurred on rock avalanches and landslides, followed by landslide-dammed lakes, and then by additional debris flows and breakouts of the landslide-dammed lakes and downstream flooding. Earthquake-induced geohazards occurred mainly along the fault zone and decreased sharply with distance from the fault. It can be anticipated that post-earthquake geohazards, particularly for debris flows, will continue for 5–10 years and even for as long as 20 years. An integrated strategy of continuing emergency response and economic reconstruction is required. The lesson from Wenchuan Earthquake is that the resulted geohazards may appear in large number in active fault regions. A plan for geohazard prevention in the earthquake-active mountainous areas is needed in advance.  相似文献   

Locating Small Aftershocks Using a Small-Aperture Temporary Seismic Array     

Hongyi Li  Lupei Zhu 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2011,168(10):1707-1714

In this paper, we developed a specialized method to locate small aftershocks using a small-aperture temporary seismic array. The array location technique uses the first P arrival times to determine the horizontal slowness vector of the incoming P wave, then combines it with S–P times to determine the event location. In order to reduce the influence of lateral velocity variation on the location determinations, we generated slowness corrections using events well-located by the permanent broadband network as calibration events, then we applied the corrections to the estimated slownesses. Applications of slowness corrections significantly improved event locations. This method can be a useful tool to locate events recorded by temporary fault-zone arrays in the near field but unlocated by the regional permanent seismic network. As a test, we first applied this method to 64 well-located aftershocks of the 1992 Landers, California, earthquake, recorded by both the Caltech/USGS Southern California Seismic Network and a small-aperture, temporary seismic array. The average horizontal and vertical separations between our locations and the well-determined catalogue locations are 1.35 and 1.75 km, respectively. We then applied this method to 132 unlocated aftershocks recorded only by the temporary seismic array. The locations show a clear tendency to follow the surface traces of the mainshock rupture.  相似文献   

Morlet小波显著性检验和精度分析在地磁场和地震活动性周期分析中的应用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

尹继尧  朱元清  宋治平  张国民  薛艳  刘杰 《地震学报》2011,33(5):663-671

首先通过对加入随机噪声的合成信号进行Morlet小波变换并进行显著性检验, 分析所得信号的周期成分的显著性和非显著性, 然后研究信号周期长短、 信号观测时间段长短与精度之间的关系．在此基础上,以活动周期比较稳定的太阳黑子活动作为实例分析,结果显示本文的精度分析和显著性检验方法对于周期谱的精度和显著性研究是可行的．最后将该方法应用于全球地震活动周期谱的分析,求出全球地震活动周期谱及其显著性与精度．研究结果表明,在利用Morlet小波分析地磁场和地震活动性周期时引入显著性检验,并结合本文给出的精度, 可以从数据中提取出周期谱及其显著性和精度．   相似文献   

结合波形互相关的双差定位方法在2008年汶川地震余震序列中的应用   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

吕鹏  丁志峰  朱露培 《地震学报》2011,33(4):407-419

选取了汶川地震主震后的2008年5月12日——2009年8月31日, 震级为3.0le;MSle;5.0的余震4240次．利用波形互相关方法得到其P波到时,用双差定位方法对其进行定位,最终得到了2441次重新定位的结果．统计定位误差（两倍标准偏差）在E-W方向为0.4 km,N-S方向为0.4 km,垂直方向为0.7 km．定位结果表明,汶川地震的余震深度集中在10——20 km,震中分布与龙门山中央断裂带的走向关系密切．沿龙门山断裂的地震分布具有明显的分段性,西南段呈水平带状分布,东北段接近垂直分布,且在北川附近存在深度突变．这与龙门山断裂的地震在西南段多表现为逆冲,东北段多表现为走滑的现象相吻合．在深度剖面上地震的空间分布存在分立的特征,通过对比前人在此地区浅层的地震剖面资料, 发现地震空间分布与已探知的浅部断层有较好的对应关系．   相似文献